Project Overview

CREATE harnesses Penn's RNA and cell therapy infrastructure to develop non-inflammatory, targeted mRNA-LNP constructs manufactured under GMP conditions for complex autoimmune diseases. The center is pioneering three novel therapeutic categories: adjuvant-free LNP- or IAJD-based therapeutics that induce antigen-specific regulatory T cell responses, selective modification platforms for pathogenic effector cells, and targeted immunomodulation of regulatory T cells — all approaches never previously tested in humans. Working in close coordination with CECTA, CREATE integrates discovery, in vitro and animal studies, and early-phase clinical trials, with Phase I human testing targeted by Year 2 and a Penn GMP facility coming online within 12–18 months. Industry partnerships with BioNTech, Orbital Therapeutics, and Zipcode Bio are already underway.

Impact & Innovation

Three new categories of mRNA therapy for autoimmune disease.

 

CREATE is pioneering adjuvant-free LNP therapeutics, pathogenic effector cell modification, and regulatory T cell immunomodulation — three mRNA-based treatment categories never tested in humans — with Phase I trials targeted by Year 2 and a GMP facility coming online within 18 months.

  • Introduces three entirely novel mRNA-based therapeutic modalities for autoimmune disease, complementing CAR T approaches with non-cell therapy platforms that could fundamentally transform how autoimmune conditions are treated at the cellular level
  • Generates substantial IP opportunities through novel in vivo mRNA therapeutic platforms, with active industry discussions with BioNTech, Orbital Therapeutics, and Zipcode Bio, and a Penn GMP facility creating multiple pathways for licensing, spin-out, and commercialization
  • Advances the Consortium’s From Mechanistic Insight to Translation pillar by building an integrated bench-to-bedside mRNA therapeutic pipeline — from construct development through GMP manufacturing, regulatory framework establishment, and Phase I/II clinical trials — across multiple severe autoimmune diseases
Research Approach

A framework designed for discovery

CREATE combines mRNA construct design, GMP manufacturing infrastructure development, and coordinated preclinical-to-clinical translation to advance three novel categories of mRNA-LNP therapeutics for autoimmune disease. The work integrates discovery science, in vitro and animal studies, and early-phase clinical trial preparation in close coordination with CECTA.

Design and testing of non-inflammatory, targeted mRNA-LNP and IAJD-based constructs across three therapeutic categories — antigen-specific Treg induction, pathogenic effector cell modification, and regulatory T cell immunomodulation; GMP-condition manufacturing of lead constructs; in vitro and animal study validation; and establishment of regulatory and logistical frameworks for Phase I and II clinical trials.

In vitro functional datasets validating mRNA-LNP construct activity across therapeutic categories; animal model efficacy and safety datasets; immunoprofiling insights from CECTA clinical trial patients informing construct design; and GMP manufacturing development data from the Penn RNA Institute infrastructure.

Advancement of three novel mRNA-based autoimmune therapeutic categories from construct development through GMP manufacturing and Phase I human trials, targeting type 1 diabetes, lupus, multiple sclerosis, and other severe autoimmune conditions. With the Penn GMP facility operational within 12–18 months and established industry partnerships, CREATE is positioned to deliver the first-ever human trials of these mRNA autoimmune therapeutics.

Investigators & Institutions

Powering the science

Principal Investigators

Ali Naji, MD, PhD, Colton Consortium Member

Jonathan E. Rhoads Professor of Surgical Science II, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania

Drew Weissman, MD, PhD, Colton Consortium Member

Roberts Family Professor in Vaccine Research, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania

Peter Merkel, MD, MPH, Colton Consortium Member

Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania

Research Outputs

From insight to impact

Publications

Diagnostic performance of central vein sign versus oligoclonal bands for multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis
Toljan, K; Daboul, L; Raza, P; Martin, ML; Cao, Q; O'Donnell, CM; Rodrigues, P; Derbyshire, J; Azevedo, CJ; Bar-Or, A; Caverzasi, E; Calabresi, PA; Cree, BA; Freeman, L; Henry, RG; Longbrake, EE; Oh, J; Papinutto, N; Pelletier, D; Samudralwar, RD; Schindler, MK; Sotirchos, ES; Sicotte, NL; Solomon, AJ; Shinohara, RT; Reich, DS; Sati, P; Ontaneda, D September 2024
Biomarker DiscoveryData-Driven & QuantitativeDisease SubtypingEarly Disease DetectionExperimental Platforms & ModelsHuman CohortsTranslational & ClinicalMultiple SclerosisNeurologic DiseasesUniversity of Pennsylvania

Multiple sclerosis and COVID-19: interactions and unresolved issues

The Lancet Neurology
Zabalza, A; Thompson, A; Rotstein, DL; Bar-Or, A; Zabalza, A; Montalban, X April 2025
Adaptive ImmunityBiological & MechanisticEnvironmental ExposuresPopulation & Patient-CenteredReal-world EvidenceTranslational & ClinicalMultiple SclerosisNeurologic DiseasesUniversity of Pennsylvania

Personalized treatment decision algorithms for the clinical application of serum neurofilament light chain in multiple sclerosis: a modified Delphi study

Multiple Sclerosis
Yaldizli, Ö; Benkert, P; Achtnichts, L; Bar-Or, A; Bohner-Lang, V; Bridel, C; Comabella, M; Findling, O; Disanto, G; Finkener, S; Gobbi, C; Granziera, C; Herwerth, M; Hoepner, R; Horakova, D; Kamber, N; Khalil, M; Kunz, P; Lalive, P; Linker, R; Lorscheider, J; Müller, S; Oechtering, J; Pettypool, V; Piehl, F; Pot, C; Roth, P; Théaudin, M; Tintore, M; Tur, C; Uffer, D; Uginet, M; Vehoff, J; Wiendl, H; Ziemssen, T; Zecca, C; Salmen, A; Leppert, D; Derfuss, T; Kappos, L; Hemkens, LG; Janiaud, P; Kuhle, J April 2025
Biomarker DiscoveryCollaboration & InnovationCross-institutional CollaborationDisease SubtypingImplementation SciencePatient Engagement & Co-designPopulation & Patient-CenteredPrecision MedicineReal-world EvidenceTranslational & ClinicalMultiple SclerosisNeurologic DiseasesUniversity of Pennsylvania

Quadriparesis and paraparesis following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in children and adolescents

Blood
Diorio, C; Hernandez-Miyares, L; Espinoza, DA; Banwell, BL; Bar-Or, A; DiNofia, AM; Barz Leahy, A; Martinez, Z; Myers, RM; Hopkins, SE; Rheingold, SR; Teachey, DT; Viaene, AN; Wray, LM; Maude, SL; Grupp, SA; McGuire, JL September 2024
Experimental Platforms & ModelsHuman CohortsPatient-reported OutcomesPopulation & Patient-CenteredReal-world EvidenceTherapeutic DevelopmentTranslational & ClinicalCross-Cutting & Special PopulationsOtherPediatric Autoimmune DiseasesUniversity of Pennsylvania

Safety and efficacy of evobrutinib in relapsing multiple sclerosis (evolutionRMS1 and evolutionRMS2): two multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 3 trials

The Lancet Neurology
Montalban, X; Vermersch, P; Arnold, DL; Bar-Or, A; Cree, BAC; Cross, AH; Kubala Havrdova, E; Kappos, L; Stuve, O; Wiendl, H; Wolinsky, JS; Dahlke, F; Le Bolay, C; Shen Loo, L; Gopalakrishnan, S; Hyvert, Y; Javor, A; Guehring, H; Tenenbaum, N; Tomic, D; evolutionRMS investigators November 2024
B Cell BiologyBiological & MechanisticClinical TrialsTherapeutic DevelopmentTranslational & ClinicalMultiple SclerosisNeurologic DiseasesUniversity of Pennsylvania

Safety and tolerability of conversion to siponimod from other disease-modifying therapies in patients with advancing forms of relapsing MS: Results from the EXCHANGE study

Multiple Sclerosis
Fox, RJ; Cohan, S; Mao-Draayer, Y; Weinstock-Guttman, B; Cruz, LA; Arnould, S; Cox, GM; Bar-Or, A May 2025
Clinical TrialsDrug RepurposingExperimental Platforms & ModelsHuman CohortsReal-world EvidenceTherapeutic DevelopmentTranslational & ClinicalMultiple SclerosisNeurologic DiseasesUniversity of Pennsylvania

Tolebrutinib in nonrelapsing secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

The New England Journal of Medicine
Fox, RJ; Bar-Or, A; Traboulsee, A; Oreja-Guevara, C; Giovannoni, G; Vermersch, P; Syed, S; Li, Y; Vargas, WS; Turner, TJ; Wallstroem, E; Reich, DS; HERCULES Trial Group April 2025
B Cell BiologyBiological & MechanisticClinical TrialsInnate ImmunityTherapeutic DevelopmentTranslational & ClinicalMultiple SclerosisNeurologic DiseasesUniversity of Pennsylvania

A phase 3 trial of upadacitinib for giant-cell arteritis

The New England Journal of Medicine
Blockmans, D; Penn, SK; Setty, AR; Schmidt, WA; Rubbert-Roth, A; Hauge, EM; Keen, HI; Ishii, T; Khalidi, N; Dejaco, C; Cid, MC; Hellmich, B; Liu, M; Zhao, W; Lagunes, I; Romero, AB; Wung, PK; Merkel, PA; SELECT-GCA Study Group April 2025
Clinical TrialsExperimental Platforms & ModelsHuman CohortsPrecision MedicineTherapeutic DevelopmentTranslational & ClinicalSystemic DiseasesVasculitisUniversity of Pennsylvania

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of abatacept for the treatment of relapsing, non-severe granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Arthritis & Rheumatology
Langford, CA; Khalidi, N; Springer, J; Friedman, M; Hellmich, B; Pagnoux, C; Dehghan, N; Gewurz-Singer, O; Koening, CL; Lin, YC; Monach, PA; Moreland, LW; Fifi-Mah, A; Flossmann, O; Forbess, LJ; Lanyon, P; Molloy, E; Specks, U; Spiera, R; Yacyshyn, E; McAlear, CA; Burroughs, C; Jones, RB; Rhee, RL; Hajj-Ali, R; Warrington, KJ; Cuthbertson, D; Krischer, JP; Jayne, D; Merkel, PA; Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium and the European Vasculitis Society June 2025
Biological & MechanisticClinical TrialsCross-institutional CollaborationExperimental Platforms & ModelsHuman CohortsPrecision MedicineT Cell BiologyTherapeutic DevelopmentTranslational & ClinicalSystemic DiseasesVasculitisUniversity of Pennsylvania

Assessment of damage in Takayasu’s arteritis

Rheumatology
Kermani, TA; Sreih, AG; Cuthbertson, D; Khalidi, NA; Koening, CL; Langford, CA; McAlear, CA; Monach, PA; Moreland, L; Pagnoux, C; Rhee, RL; Seo, P; Warrington, KJ; Merkel, PA February 2025
Biomarker DiscoveryDisease SubtypingExperimental Platforms & ModelsHuman CohortsPatient-reported OutcomesPopulation & Patient-CenteredReal-world EvidenceTranslational & ClinicalCross-Cutting & Special PopulationsRare Autoimmune DiseasesSystemic DiseasesVasculitisUniversity of Pennsylvania

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of polyarteritis nodosa: an international study

Arthritis & Rheumatology
Karadag, O; Bolek, EC; Ayan, G; Mohammad, AJ; Grayson, PC; Pagnoux, C; Martín-Nares, E; Monti, S; Abe, Y; Alberici, F; Alibaz-Oner, F; Cuthbertson, D; Dagna, L; Direskeneli, H; Khalidi, NA; Koening, C; Langford, CA; McAlear, CA; Monach, PA; Moroni, L; Padoan, R; Seo, P; Warrington, KJ; Hocevar, A; Hinojosa-Azaola, A; Furuta, S; Emmi, G; Ozen, S; Jayne, D; Merkel, PA; GLOBAL‐PAN Collaborators February 2024
Autoimmune EpidemiologyCollaboration & InnovationCross-institutional CollaborationDisease SubtypingExperimental Platforms & ModelsHuman CohortsPopulation & Patient-CenteredReal-world EvidenceTranslational & ClinicalCross-Cutting & Special PopulationsRare Autoimmune DiseasesSystemic DiseasesVasculitisUniversity of Pennsylvania

Comparison of EULAR/PRINTO/PReS Ankara 2008 and 2022 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for granulomatosis with polyangiitis in children

Rheumatology
Kaya Akca, U; Batu, ED; Jelusic, M; Calatroni, M; Bakry, R; Frkovic, M; Vinšová, N; Campos, RT; Horne, A; Caglayan, S; Vaglio, A; Moroni, G; Emmi, G; Ghiggeri, GM; Koker, O; Sinico, RA; Kim, S; Gagro, A; Matucci-Cerinic, C; Çomak, E; Ekici Tekin, Z; Arslanoglu Aydin, E; Heshin-Bekenstein, M; Acar, BC; Gattorno, M; Akman, S; Sozeri, B; Palmblad, K; Al-Mayouf, SM; Silva, CA; Doležalová, P; Merkel, PA; Ozen, S September 2024
Collaboration & InnovationCross-institutional CollaborationDisease SubtypingExperimental Platforms & ModelsHuman CohortsReal-world EvidenceRegulatory ScienceTranslational & ClinicalCross-Cutting & Special PopulationsPediatric Autoimmune DiseasesRare Autoimmune DiseasesSystemic DiseasesVasculitisUniversity of Pennsylvania

Efficacy and safety of avacopan in patients aged 65 years and older with ANCA-associated vasculitis: a post hoc analysis of data from the ADVOCATE trial

Rheumatology
Geetha, D; Pagnoux, C; Sattui, SE; Merkel, PA; Weiner, M; Draibe, J; Faguer, S; Bray, S; Gurlin, RE; Balcells-Oliver, M; Bruchfeld, A; Jayne, DR; ADVOCATE Study Group June 2025
Clinical TrialsDisease SubtypingExperimental Platforms & ModelsHuman CohortsPopulation & Patient-CenteredReal-world EvidenceTherapeutic DevelopmentTranslational & ClinicalCross-Cutting & Special PopulationsSystemic DiseasesVasculitisUniversity of Pennsylvania

Plasma proteome profiling in giant cell arteritis

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
Cunningham, KY; Hur, B; Gupta, VK; Koster, MJ; Weyand, CM; Cuthbertson, D; Khalidi, NA; Koening, CL; Langford, CA; McAlear, CA; Monach, PA; Moreland, LW; Pagnoux, C; Rhee, RL; Seo, P; Merkel, PA; Warrington, KJ; Sung, J December 2024
BioinformaticsBiomarker DiscoveryData-Driven & QuantitativeDisease SubtypingExperimental Platforms & ModelsHuman CohortsImmune ProfilingMulti-omics IntegrationTranslational & ClinicalSystemic DiseasesVasculitisUniversity of Pennsylvania

The 2024 Vasculitis Foundation Quality Care Summit: seeking strategies to improve care for all patients

Arthritis & Rheumatology
Springer, J; Brant, E; Dua, A; Wadler, J; Mak, D; Merkel, P; Westbrook, B; Kullman, J; Byram, K May 2025
Collaboration & InnovationCross-institutional CollaborationHealth DisparitiesImplementation SciencePatient Engagement & Co-designPatient-reported OutcomesPopulation & Patient-CenteredTranslational & ClinicalCross-Cutting & Special PopulationsRare Autoimmune DiseasesSystemic DiseasesVasculitisUniversity of Pennsylvania

Vessel wall MRI in giant cell arteritis: standardized protocol and scoring approach developed by an international working group

Rheumatology
Rhee, RL; Bathla, G; Rebello, R; Kurtz, RM; Junek, M; Warrington, KJ; Khalidi, N; Merkel, PA; Guggenberger, KV; Tamhankar, MA; Bley, TA; Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium May 2025
Biomarker DiscoveryCollaboration & InnovationCross-institutional CollaborationDisease SubtypingEarly Disease DetectionExperimental Platforms & ModelsHuman CohortsReal-world EvidenceRegulatory ScienceTranslational & ClinicalSystemic DiseasesVasculitisUniversity of Pennsylvania